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早餐是最危險的一餐？

原標題:早餐是最危台中家電批發商險的一餐？





早餐真的是一天中最重要的一餐嗎？像很多營養科學傢一樣，生物化學傢特倫斯 基萊教授並不這樣認為。他備受爭議的新書再次激起瞭辯論。作者特倫斯 基萊所著《早餐是危險的一餐》現在已經發行第四版瞭。



早餐重要嗎？



Is breakfast really toast?



譯者：MaZhuzu原文作者：Terence Kealey





Why does breakfast have its own PR? Nobody tries to encourage us to eat lunch, and a sense of disapproval can hang over too large a dinner, but breakfast? Oh, it’s the most important meal of the day and we should eat it like a king.



為什麼早餐有它自身的影響呢？沒人會試圖鼓勵我們去吃午餐，也並不推崇晚餐吃太多，但是早餐呢？它是一天中最重要的一餐，我們應該吃得像國王一樣。





The words “breakfast is the most important meal of the day” first appeared a hundred years ago, in 1917, in Good Health, the oldest health magazine in the world, which was edited by ... Dr John Kellogg. Yes that Dr Kellogg, from Michigan, the man who in 1894, with his brother Will, invented cornflakes.



“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”這句話最早出現在一百年前，即1917年在世界上最古老的健康雜志Good Health上，該雜志由約翰 凱洛格醫生編輯。沒錯，就是那個來自密歇根的凱洛格醫生，他在1894年和兄弟威廉發明瞭玉米片。



Cornflakes were the original processed food. As Felicity Lawrence wrote in her 2008 book Eat Your Heart Out, to flake the corn “the nutritious germ with its essential fats is first removed because, as the Kellogg brothers discovered all that time ago, it goes rancid over time and gets in the way of long shelf life”.



玉米片是原始的加工食品。正如費莉希蒂 勞倫斯在她2008年的書Eat Your Heart Out中寫道，要把玉米加工成薄片，“營養胚芽和它基本的脂肪首先被去除，因為，就像凱洛格兄弟當時發現的一樣，它會隨著時間推移而變質並縮短保質期”。



Today, therefore, breakfast cereals are consumed as nutritionally-depleted calorie- and carbohydrate-fests, laden with sugar, starch and milk, and it is hard to think of a less healthy dish than a pre-packaged industrially- processed ready-to-eat cereal to set before the king.Public Health Englandreported this week that children are eating three times as much sugar as they should, and that the rot sets in with breakfast which, by providing on average the equivalent of three cubes or 11 grams of sugar, supplies in itself half the recommended daily intake. No wonder people suppose that eating the cardboard package would be safer than eating the carbohydrate cereal.



現在，早餐谷物以營養消耗卡路裡和碳水化合物的合成物形式攝入，富含糖、淀粉和牛奶，很難想象它會比擺在國王面前的預包裝工業加工的即食谷物更沒有營養。這周，英國公共衛生署報告說，兒童攝入的糖是他們本該攝入量的3倍，而在早餐中則供給每日推薦攝入量的一半，提供平均相當於3塊方糖或11克糖的攝入量。難怪人們認為吃硬紙包裝食物比吃碳水化合谷物更安全。



But bread and honey are no better either, because science shows that morning is a uniquely dangerous time to eat. We wake in the mornings because a hormone called cortisol rises at daybreak, and though this hormone wakes us up, it also raises our blood glucose levels. Nobody knows why it does that, yet since raised blood glucose levels are dangerous, and since most people tend not to be hungry in the mornings, that lack of morning hunger seems to be nature's way of protecting us from a dangerous meal.



面包和蜂蜜也沒有那麼好，因為科學表明早晨是一個特別危險的進食時間。我們早晨醒來是因為一種叫做皮質醇的激素在黎明時升高，這種激素喚醒瞭我們的同時，也升高瞭我們的血糖水平。沒人知道為什麼會這樣，但是血糖水平升高是危險的，而大多數人往往在早上並不餓，所以早晨缺乏饑餓感似乎是保護我們遠離危險食物的自然方式。





I discovered the dangers of breakfast in 2010 when, at the age of 58, I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Anyone can buy inexpensive blood glucose testing kits at their local chemist, and when I tested my blood glucose levels I discovered they rose alarmingly after breakfast but only modestly after other meals. And because I am both a doctor and a biochemist, it was easy for me to find that the scientific journals had confirmed that danger. Yet those findings are being ignored by the mass of dieticians, who – like many scientists and technologists throughout history – seem reluctant to acknowledge their attachment to error. Indeed, theresearch papersshow that breakfast is dangerous for everyone, not just diabetics.



我在2010年發現吃早餐的危險，當時我58歲，被診斷出Ⅱ型糖尿病。每個人都可以在當地的藥店買到便宜的血糖檢測工具，當我測試我的血糖水平時，發現早餐後我的血糖上升得很厲害，但在其他餐後卻很輕微。因為我是醫生，同時也是生物化學傢，我很容易就發現科學期刊已經證實瞭吃早餐的危險。但是，這些發現卻被營養師們忽略瞭，就像歷史上很多科學傢和技術專傢一樣，他們似乎不願意承認自身對錯誤的依賴。事實上，研究表明，不僅僅是糖尿病患者，早餐對每個人來說都是危險的。



So, for example, it is a myth that breakfast induces such fullness or satiety that people eat less at lunch. Every experimental study shows that breakfast only adds to the total calories a person consumes. Even worse, because of the cortisol-induced morning spikes in glucose, breakfast can actually fuel hunger, and the consumption of many a mid-morning muffin or mid-afternoon teacake can be traced back to the metabolic trauma that is breakfast.

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因此，早餐會引起飽腹感，從而讓人們午餐吃得少一些，這種說法是錯誤的。每一項實驗研究都表明，早餐隻會增加一個人需要消耗的總熱量。更糟的是，由於皮質醇引起的葡萄糖上午尖峰，早餐可以引起饑餓，從而使人們消耗許多上午或下午茶點心，這可以歸咎於早餐代謝性創傷。



The global market for breakfast cereals is huge (sales are expected to reach $43.2bn annually by 2019) and to support their marketing, cereal companies will fund research that purportedly supports the benefits of eating a big meal first thing. But when researchers do proper science (ie, actual experiments) and when they test breakfast on people, they find only the consumption of excess calories.



早餐谷物在全球有很大的市場（到2019年，預計銷售額將達到每年432億美元），為瞭支撐他們的市場，谷物食品公司將資助一項研究，據稱首先會支持吃大餐的益處。但是，當研究人員進行適當的科學研究時（例如:真實實驗），當他們在人身上測試早餐時，隻發現攝入瞭過量的卡路裡。



Two thirds of the people of North America or Britain are today overweight or obese, and soon no fewer than 10 percent of us will suffer from type 2 diabetes: that we should be encouraged to eat an unnecessary meal is, therefore, little short of a scandal.



如今，有2/3的北美人或英國人超重或肥胖，很快我們中多於10%的人會患上Ⅱ型糖尿病：我們還被鼓勵吃一頓不必要的食物，就幾乎是一個醜聞瞭。



There are, of course, people who cannot function without breakfast, just as there are people so nauseated by food in the mornings that they will not eat a crumb. But most people are malleable about breakfast, which they will eat if instructed but, equally, which they would skip if instructed. Most people, indeed, if left alone, would probably fall into the weekend habit of eating only two meals a day, brunch and supper, which is healthier than our current three-meals-a-day habit. The Mediterraneans of the Mediterranean Diet, moreover, generally skip breakfast.



當然，有些人在不吃早餐的情況下無法正常工作，就像有些人早晨對食物感到惡心，他們不會吃一口面包屑。但是大多數人對吃早餐是有適應性的，如果早餐有益，他們會吃，但同樣的，如果有害，他們也會不吃。事實上大多數人，如果獨自一人，可能會進入周末飲食習慣，即一天隻吃兩頓飯：早午餐和晚餐。這比我們目前的一日三餐的習慣更健康。此外，保持地中海飲食習慣的地中海人通常跳過早餐。



My book is directed at people who eat breakfast out of a misplaced sense of biochemical duty. It is also directed at the minority who believe they cannot function without it because it reveals how they might learn to skip it and so discover more energy over the course of the day.



我的書是針對那些將吃早餐看做職責的人。同樣也針對小部分認為沒有早餐不能工作的人，因為它還提供瞭如何跳過早餐，從而在一天中發揮更多能量。



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本譯文僅用於學習和交流目的。非商業轉載請註明譯者、出處，並保留文章在譯言的完整鏈接。商業合作請聯系 editor@yeeyan.com 參考原文地址：https://www.the-pool.com/food-home/food-honestly/2017/1/terence-kealey-breakfast-is-a-dangerous-meal?nsukey=%2BmfZr%2FOoHXiti17ZLg7GVBnGFSnhdHFEpjDL8xKYjpKmz%2Bx%2FzbrVzl2o6tnPxZRoE7EvWyX8MUQVhf0pkfyPZAPnrYdgSwQ7JjOWH21Nj4TldKddb1vQyG9sXhjnQcQDtRBF1BKnlm1







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